About this Document............................................2
Quick install notes for the impatient..........................3
What is NetBSD?................................................3
Changes Between The NetBSD 3.0.2 and 3.0.3 updates.............4
Supported devices...........................................4
Kernel......................................................4
Networking..................................................4
File system.................................................4
Security....................................................4
Miscellaneous...............................................5
alpha specific..............................................5
mac68k specific.............................................5
sparc specific..............................................5
Changes Between The NetBSD 3.0.1 and 3.0.2 updates.............5
Kernel......................................................5
Networking..................................................5
File system.................................................6
Libraries...................................................6
Security....................................................6
Miscellaneous...............................................6
amd64 specific..............................................6
sparc specific..............................................6
mac68k specific.............................................6
Changes Between The NetBSD 3.0 release and 3.0.1 update........6
Kernel......................................................6
Networking..................................................7
File system.................................................7
Libraries...................................................7
Security....................................................8
Miscellaneous...............................................8
acorn26 specific............................................8
amiga specific..............................................9
hp300 specific..............................................9
i386 specific...............................................9
m68k specific...............................................9
mips specific...............................................9
powerpc specific............................................9
sparc specific..............................................9
xen specific................................................9
The Future of NetBSD...........................................9
Sources of NetBSD.............................................10
NetBSD 3.0.3 Release Contents.................................10
NetBSD/sparc subdirectory structure........................11
Binary distribution sets...................................12
NetBSD/sparc System Requirements and Supported Devices........14
Supported machines.........................................14
Machines not supported by NetBSD/sparc.....................15
Supported devices..........................................15
Unsupported devices........................................18
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................19
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................21
Configuring your PROM......................................21
Determining how to access your SCSI disk from the..........23
Determining how to boot from an SBUS card..................24
Deciding on partition sizes................................25
Configuration of network interfaces........................26
Installing the NetBSD System..................................26
Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable file system on.....26
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM...............27
Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies...........28
Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup.................29
Installing NetBSD by using a bootable tape.................34
Running the installation scripts...........................35
Post installation steps.......................................36
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................39
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............40
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 2.1 and older......40
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................40
Administrivia.................................................41
Thanks go to..................................................42
We are........................................................47
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................53
The End.......................................................61
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD3.0.3
on the
sparc
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to install NetBSD3.0.3 on a machine of the sparc architecture.
sparccd.iso
or the floppy disk images,
sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz and sparc/install/floppy/disk2.
You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system.
Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is
covered below, in detail.
sparc/binary/sets/
directory.
When you boot the install
floppies or CD-ROM,
the installation program
can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp),
if you have a network connection.
There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
your machine.
You will at a minimum need
the following sets:
kern-GENERIC.tgz,
base.tgz
and
etc.tgz.
In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
all the installation sets.
The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation kernel, which contains all the tools required to install NetBSD.
STOP-A
keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console.
At the
``ok''
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
NetBSD.
The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
your model):
``b sd(,30,)'',
``boot sd(,30,)'',
or
``boot cdrom''.
The command to boot from floppy is either ``boot fd(,,1)'' or ``boot floppy''. The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready for it.
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on fifty four different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across fifteen distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD3.0.3 release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.NetBSD.org/.)
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.
The NetBSD 3.0.3 update is the third security/critical update of the NetBSD 3.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons.
These fixes will also appear in future releases (NetBSD 3.2 etc), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements.
Specific updates are as follows:
wd(4):
fix broken Seagate drives ST3160021A and ST3160811A.
vnd(4)
image with block size 0 to avoid a kernel panic.
dhcpd.conf(5)
to make
dhcpd(8)
use the DNS hostname as the DHCP hostname given to the client.
ipfilter(4).
dump(8)
when using -X (filesystem internal snapshots).
glob(3),
which affected
ftpd(8)
and possibly other programs (SA2006-027).
iso(4)
which could potentially lead to a local root compromise (SA2007-004).
file(1)
which could lead to an exploitable heap overflow.
racoon(8)
which could allow an attacker to disrupt a connection between IPSec peers.
veriexec(4)
flaws have been fixed: users can no longer rename a file to a veriexec
protected file or run unfingerprinted files at strict level two or above.
file(1)
has been updated to version 4.21, including and integer underflow and an
integer overflow fix (CVE-2007-1536 and CVE-2007-2799).
etcupdate(8)
for upgrading.
passwd(1):
display a message indicating who's password is being changed, to avoid
confusion after
su(1).
The NetBSD 3.0.2 update is the second security/critical update of the NetBSD 3.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons.
These fixes will also appear in future releases (NetBSD 3.1 etc), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements.
Specific updates are as follows:
sshd_config(8)
to enable SSH version 2 only.
ippp(4)
and
pppoe(4)
(SA2006-019).
sendmail(8)
(SA2006-017).
openssl(1)
(SA2006-023).
openssl(1)
(SA in preparation, CVE entries: 2006-2937, 2940, 3738 and 4343).
sshd(8)
(SA in preparation, CVE entries: 2006-4924 and 5051).
named(8)
on sparc and sparc64 to avoid a crash.
The NetBSD 3.0.1 update is the first security/critical update of the NetBSD 3.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons.
These fixes will also appear in future releases (NetBSD 3.1 etc), together with other less-critical fixes and feature enhancements.
Specific updates are as follows:
wdc(4):
after a reset don't wait for drives to come ready if there are no drives (fixes
a 30s hang after resume).
wd(4)
for 1 and 2TB disks.
azalia(4)
when a connection list has invalid NIDs.
aic(4):
work around an rbus resource allocation problem so cards work again.
twe(4):
fix a memory leak in the TWEIO_GET_PARAM ioctl.
usb(4):
Allow a NULL pointer as argument to usb_get_next_event(), and don't allocate a
"struct usb_event" on stack in usb_add_event().
sysctl(2)
before passing it to
vslock(9).
This prevents a local DOS (SA2006-013).
pmatch(9)
expression which should catch all present and future seagate drives larger than
200GB for the WD_QUIRK_FORCE_LBA48 quirks.
bridge(4)
structs are initialized to 0.
bridge(4)
(SA2006-005).
sigaction(2)
to setup automatic disposal of child processes after daemonizing
rpc.statd(8).
This is more portable and avoids zombie
rpc.statd(8)
processes after an NFS client running e.g. Mac OS X shuts down.
pam_nologin(8):
use the class of the user, not then default class, when checking for nologin
and ignorelogin login.conf(5) capabilities.
pam_unix(8):
fix an uninitialized variable, and remove some unreachable code.
rnd(4)
code probing for the Intel hardware RNG to avoid false detections (SA2006-009).
mail(1)
creates record file with insecure umask (SA2006-007).
fast_ipsec(4)
stack that renders the IPSec anti-replay service ineffective under certain
circumstances (SA2006-011).
login(1),
pam_securetty(8):
don't issue a different message for root login on an insecure terminal.
ftp(1).
sh(1)
expand "$@" correctly again.
wdc(4),
especially the deferral of drive probe.
NetBSD3.0.3 is the ninth major release for the sparc.
NetBSD3.0.3 on sparc is, as usual, also fully backward compatible with old NetBSD/sparc binaries, so you don't need to recompile all your local programs provided you set the appropriate binary compatibility options in your kernel configuration.
The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.
The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
We hope to support even more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
NetBSD
users, because it is for
and because of them that
NetBSD
exists.
Refer to
http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/.
The root directory of the NetBSD3.0.3 release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-3.0.3/
CHANGESLAST_MINUTEMIRRORSREADME.filesTODOpatches/source/In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD3.0.3 has a binary distribution.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(8);
and
dbsym(8).
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
#( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) < set_name.tgz
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
BSDSUMCKSUMMD5SYSVSUMThe MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files.
sparc
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-3.0.3/sparc/.
It contains the following files and directories:
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gznetbsd-GENERIC.MP.gznetbsd-GENERIC_SCSI3.gzsd0.
netbsd-KRUPS.gznetbsd-MRCOFFEE.gznetbsd-MRCOFFEE_OFW.gznetbsd-GENERIC_SUN4U.gzsets/installation/bootfs/floppy/miniroot/netboot/tape/sparc/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD3.0.3
distribution tree, and are as follows:
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
GENERIC.MP
kernel, which will use multiple processors (if present), named
/netbsd.
GENERIC_SCSI3
kernel, which will set SCSI ID 3 to
sd0,
named
/netbsd.
GENERIC_SUN4U
kernel, which supports only UltraSPARC systems in 32 bit mode, named
/netbsd.
GENERIC-KRUPS
kernel, which supports the JavaStation-NC, named
/netbsd.
MRCOFFE
kernel, which which supports the OpenBOOT PROM 2 JavaStation-1, named
/netbsd.
MRCOFFE_OFW
kernel, which which supports the OpenFirmware JavaStation-1, named
/netbsd.
/usr/share.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86, and tightly track XFree86 releases. They are currently equivalent to XFree86 4.4.0. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The sparc binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
This utility is used only in a Traditional method installation.
The minimum configuration requires 4 MB of RAM and 60 MB of disk space. To install the entire system requires about 260 MB (not including swap). To install the X window system you need at least 295 MB (not including swap) and 8 MB RAM. NetBSD with 4 MB of RAM feels like Solaris with 4 MB of RAM -- slow. Note that until you have around 16 MB of RAM, getting more RAM is more important than getting a faster CPU.
GENERIC_SUN4U
kernel.
UltraSPARC based machines in 32-bit or 64-bit mode are supported by the NetBSD/sparc64 port. Refer to http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/sparc64/index.html
GENERIC.MP)
http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/sparc/faq.html#smp-cpus
/dev/ttyC0)
JavaStation-1, and JavaStation-NC
Note that if you are installing or upgrading from a writable media, the media can be write-protected if you wish. These systems mount a root image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media. If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the drive after the system has booted.
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
binary/sets
and
sparc/binary/sets.
Proceed to the instruction on installation.
split(1)
command, running e.g.
split -b 235k base.tgz base.
to split the
base.tgz
file from
sparc/binary/sets
into files named
base.aa,
base.ab,
and so on.
Repeat this for all
set_name.tgz
files, splitting them into
set_name.xx
files.
Count the number of
set_name.xx
files that make up the
distribution sets you want to install or upgrade.
You will need one sixth that number of 1.44 MB floppies.
Format all of the floppies with
MS-DOS.
Do
not
make any of them bootable
MS-DOS
floppies, i.e. don't use
format /s
to format them.
(If the floppies are bootable, then the
MS-DOS
system files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you
won't be able to fit the distribution set parts on the disks.)
If you're using floppies that are formatted for
MS-DOS
by their manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use
them out of the box.
Place all of the
set_name.xx
files on the
MS-DOS
disks.
Once you have the files on MS-DOS disks, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
204.152.184.75
and the IPv6 address is
2001:4f8:4:7:2e0:81ff:fe21:6563
(as of June, 2004).
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
/etc/exports
file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like:
# tar -cf tape_device dist_directories
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using; possibly
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example,
dist_directories
are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
misc, base, and etc
distributions on tape (in
order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-3.0.3
# cd sparc/binary
# tar -cf tape_device misc etc kern
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
First, you need to stop your system from automatically booting when
powered on. Pressing the
STOP
key (sometimes called the
L1
key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
a
key will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt. If you are using a
Tadpole SPARCbook, you press the
Pause
and
a
keys. If you are using a serial console, send a
``BREAK''
signal from your terminal (the method of sending
``BREAK''
varies from terminal to terminal).
If the ethernet address of your sparc system is
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff,
then your NVRAM battery is dead and you will have trouble using
ethernet (among other problems). Read the Sun NVRAM/Hostid FAQ.
http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/sun-nvram-hostid.faq.html
If you have a valid ethernet address and you plan to netboot, write down your system's ethernet address.
Next, you should set your system to always use the OpenBoot PROM (sometimes called ``new command mode'') if it defaults to sunmon. The NetBSD kernel relies on some of the functionality provided by the OpenBoot PROM. If your machine gives you a `>' prompt instead of an `ok' prompt, type:
> n
ok setenv sunmon-compat? false
ok
Next, if you are using any security features of OpenBoot PROM, you should turn them off -- NetBSD can't deal well with this.
ok setenv security-mode none
If you are using a serial console, the NetBSD/sparc installer defaults to using 9600 bps, 8N1 settings. You may want to configure your system and serial terminal like this prior to booting the installer. Additionally, a new installation of NetBSD/sparc will default to these settings as well.
The OpenBoot PROM 1 machines (SPARCstation/server 1, SPARCstation/server 1+, IPC, and SLC) have an odd SCSI quirk you should be aware of. There are three SCSI addressing schemes used by your system: SCSI target ID (set by physical jumpers on the device), PROM `unit' number (set by OpenBoot PROM 1, based on its SCSI target ID), and the name you reference within an operating system (set by the kernel, based on the PROM `unit' number).
Sun shipped these systems with the internal drives set to SCSI target IDs
3 and 1. The default value of the OpenBoot PROM variable
`sd-targets'
is
`31204567.'
This variable maps how the OpenBoot PROM 1 assigns
`unit'
numbers based on the SCSI target ID.
Thus the device at SCSI target ID 3 is considered
`unit'
0, and the SCSI device at target ID 0 is
`unit'
3. When you type
``boot scsi(0,0,0)'',
the OpenBoot PROM will boot from
`unit'
0 (which is SCSI target ID 3, the internal hard drive). The
SunOS
kernel is hard-wired to map
sd0
to SCSI target 3, and
sd3
to SCSI target 0.
PROM Unit#| SCSI Target | SunOS name
| 0 | 3 | sd0
| 1 | 1 | sd1
| 2 | 2 | sd2
| 3 | 0 | sd3
| 4 | 4 | st0
| 5 | 5 | st1
| 6 | 6 | cdrom
| |
The
NetBSD/sparc
GENERIC
kernel does not wire things down as does
SunOS.
It names the disks in the order
that the SCSI targets are probed (01234567). If you only have one disk,
it is always
sd0
regardless of its SCSI target ID or its PROM
`unit'
number, and there are no problems. If you have two disks, one at
SCSI ID 2 (
`unit'
2) and SCSI ID 3 (
`unit'
0), then they are recognized as
sd0
and
sd1
respectively. This can be a problem if you are not
aware of it, particularly when creating an fstab.
There are two approaches to fixing this problem: changing the mapping that OpenBoot PROM 1 does, and changing the NetBSD kernel configuration. To get OpenBoot PROM 1 to number the SCSI `unit' numbers the same as the SCSI target IDs, you need to run this command:
ok setenv sd-targets 01234567
This may, however, cause problems if you were to later attempt to use SunOS on this machine or if you reset the OpenBoot PROM variables.
The other approach is to use a
NetBSD
kernel that matches the PROM's odd target mapping by treating
`unit'
0 (i.e. SCSI target ID 3) as
sd0
and
`unit'
3 (i.e. SCSI target ID 0) as
sd3.
The
GENERIC_SCSI3
kernel performs this target mapping, but the
GENERIC
and
INSTALL
kernels do not.
The machines with OpenBoot PROM 2 (SPARCstation/server 2, ELC, IPX, and all sun4m models) have a similar SCSI target mapping in the form of a devalias entry. That is, the device alias disk is shorthand for the disk at SCSI ID 3 on the internal SCSI controller. Normally, the disk device alias is what the PROM uses as the default boot device, i.e. in the absence of a device argument to the boot command. Note that there are also pre-configured device alias entries for disk0, disk1, disk2 and disk3, which are in fact a one-to-one mapping to the SCSI targets 0 to 3 (all on the internal SCSI controller).
Again, it may be advantageous to use a fixed
``SCSI target''
to
``NetBSD disk unit''
mapping in your kernel configuration file (such as is done in the
GENERIC_SCSI3
kernel) to ensure that your disks remain showing up at the same
NetBSD
device unit numbers even if you add disks to your system at a later time.
sd(c,u,p)
syntax to address SCSI devices. OpenBoot PROM 2 uses a more intuitive
syntax using device aliases.
To calculate the parameters for sunmon and OpenBoot PROM 1:
a',
`1'
=
`b',
etc.
(`0')
Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 0, lun 0, partition 1), one would use:
ok boot sd(0,0,1)
To boot from a CD-ROM (first SCSI bus, target 6, lun 0, partition dynamically determined), one would use:
ok boot sd(0,30,)
And, to boot from a kernel named
netbsd-GENERIC
on the fourth partition (
`d',
often the
/usr
partition) on an external hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 2, lun 0,
partition 3), one would use:
ok boot sd(0,10,3)netbsd-GENERIC
Now, for OpenBoot PROM 2, SCSI devices are specified by an OpenBOOT devalias which provides simple mnemonics for the full path to the device. Type devalias in OpenBoot PROM 2 to get a list of all of the available aliases. Just the alias and partition are necessary when booting.
Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive (OpenBoot PROM 2 assumes the internal hard drive is at target 3), one would use:
ok boot disk:b
To boot from a CD-ROM (OpenBoot PROM 2 assumes the CD-ROM is at target 6), one would use:
ok boot cdrom
And, to boot from a kernel named
netbsd-GENERIC
on the fourth partition (
`d',
often the
/usr
partition) on an external hard drive (target 2, partition 3), one would use:
ok boot disk2:d netbsd-GENERIC
The full device path specifier for OpenBoot PROM 2 depends on how OpenBoot
PROM 2 recognizes
your SCSI controller. Typically, one would use something like:
/sbus/esp/sd@t,p
where t is the SCSI target and p is the partition number.
ok cd /
ok ls
ffd3b790 TI,TMS390S10@0,f8fffffc
ffd2d254 virtual-memory@0,0
ffd2d198 memory@0,0
ffd2b65c obio
ffd2b310 iommu@0,10000000
ffd2b2a0 openprom
ffd24af0 aliases
ffd24abc options
ffd24a88 packages
ok cd iommu
ok ls
ffd2b454 sbus@0,10001000
ok cd sbus
ok ls
ffd467e8 cgthree@3,0
ffd42a1c SUNW,hme@1,8c00000
ffd4297c le@0,c00000
ffd40d28 ledma@4,8400010
ffd40c9c SUNW,bpp@4,c800000
ffd40c00 audio@4,1300000
ffd3dc68 espdma@4,8400000
ok cd SUNW,hme
ok ls
ok pwd
/iommu@0,10000000/sbus@0,10001000/SUNW,hme@1,8c00000
ok words
reset seek load open close
watch-net selftest obp-selftest write read
preamble-32 enable-link-pulse disable-link-pulse
force-speeds reset-transceiver use-bit-bang-mode
use-frame-mode dump-phys transfer-speed=10
transfer-speed=100 mii-write mii-read
create-rev-id
ok .attributes
hm-rev 00000022
version 1.18
model SUNW,501-2919
device_type network
intr 00000037 00000000
interrupts 00000004
address-bits 00000030
max-frame-size 00004000
reg 00000001 08c00000 00000108
00000001 08c02000 00002000
00000001 08c04000 00002000
00000001 08c06000 00002000
00000001 08c07000 00000020
name SUNW,hme
ok
ok boot /iommu/sbus/SUNW,hme
root on sd0a dumps on sd0b
no file system for sd0 (dev 0x700)
cannot mount root, error = 79
root device (default sd0a): ?
use one of: fd0[a-h] le0 le1 hme0 sd0[a-h] halt
root device (default sd0a): hme0
dump device: hme0
file system (default generic): nfs
root on hme0
Assuming a classic partition scheme with
/
(root) and
/usr
file systems, a comfortable size for the
NetBSD
root file system partition is
about 20 MB; a good initial size for the swap partition is twice the amount
of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
SunOS 4.x,
there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render
part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation takes about 275 MB
in
/usr.
Most sparc systems have trouble booting if the root partition extends beyond the first 2 GB of your disk.
If automatic detection is not available or not working properly in your
environment, you may have to specify the type connection using the
media
parameter of
ifconfig(8).
During installation, you'll get the opportunity to specify the appropriate
medium. Use
10base5
or
AUI
to select the AUI connector, or
10baseT
or
UTP
to select the UTP connector.
Fast ethernet interfaces default to
auto,
which usually does not detect properly and runs at
`10BaseT'
speed.
The options are
10baseT,
10baseTX,
and
auto.
The
hme
and
qfe
interfaces also allow
10baseT-FDX
and
100baseT-FDX.
Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
There are several ways to install
NetBSD
onto your system.
The easiest way is to use the
miniroot.fs
image copied to your local disk's swap partition or a scratch drive.
If your Sparc is hooked up in a network, you may configure another
UNIX-like
machine as a netboot server for your Sparc.
Alternatively, there is a pair
of floppy images that will boot your system and run the installer.
For more information on the commands and variables available in the OpenBoot PROM (present in all sun4c and sun4m machines), go to http://docs.sun.com and search for ``openboot reference'' (without quotes).
installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz
is a compressed, self-contained
NetBSD
file system holding all utilities necessary to install
NetBSD
onto a disk attached to your system.
It is distributed as a compressed plain
file you will transfer to a raw disk partition.
You will then boot this installer using the appropriate PROM command.
The simplest case is where you place the
miniroot.fs
file system on the swap partition of your disk.
Alternatively, you can place
it on any other unused partition on any disk (such as a Zip disk).
Be forewarned that you will not be able to install
NetBSD
onto the partition that contains the
miniroot.fs
as this partition is needed during the install process.
Loading the file system onto a raw partition is straightforward.
First, download
miniroot.fs
to your system.
Next, reboot in single-user mode (i.e.
boot -s)
to ensure that your system will not be swapping.
Finally, place the
miniroot.fs
on your partition of choice.
On
NetBSD
or SunOS the commands are:
# gunzip miniroot.fs.gz
# dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k conv=sync
Here,
/dev/rsd0b
is assumed to be your swap partition.
If you decide to place
miniroot.fs
on a non-swap partition, it will overwrite all of the contents of that
partition, but you will not need to reboot into single-user mode to write it.
After transferring the file system to disk, bring the system down by:
# halt
Then boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt (this example is for the swap partition):
> b sd(,,1)netbsd -s
ok boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s
ok boot disk:b netbsd -s
The monitor boot command will load the NetBSD kernel contained in the file system image. After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section Running the installation scripts. below.
installation/cdrom/netbsd-sparc.iso
or create your own.
If you wish to create your own, you should follow the directions on the
NetBSD
Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO at:
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/bootcd.html#sparcimage
Once you have downloaded
netbsd-sparc.iso
or created your own disk image, then you need to burn it to a CD-R.
The CD-ROM attached to your Sparc must support 512 byte sectors to be bootable. All Sun brand CD-ROMs will work, as well as many other manufacturers. See the Sun CD-ROM FAQ: http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/
Sun sets their CD-ROM drives to SCSI ID 6. We recommend you do the same.
Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
> b sd(,30,)
ok boot sd(,30,)
ok boot cdrom
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section Running the installation scripts. below.
NetBSD
and SunOS use the same commands.
First, get two 1.44 MB floppy disks and format them either using the
fdformat(8)
command or a PC.
# fdformat
Be sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding;
on
NetBSD
success is a string of all
`V 's',
and on
SunOS
success is a string of
`. 's'.
Next, transfer the two floppy images
(installation/floppy/disk1.gz and installation/floppy/disk2)
to the disks you just formatted.
You can do this step from
NetBSD,
SunOS,
or a
Windows
machine using
rawrite.exe
(available in the
NetBSD/i386
distribution).
Insert the first floppy and run the following commands:
# gunzip disk1.gz
# dd if=disk1 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k
# eject floppy
Insert the second floppy and run the following commands:
# dd if=disk2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k conv=sync
# eject floppy
Note that disk2 may be a symlink to .tgz file; do not uncompress it, just follow the instructions above, verbatim. After writing the two floppies, be sure to label them so you can later identify them.
Insert the floppy made from
disk1
into your Sparc.
From the OpenBoot prompt, boot the floppy with the following command:
ok boot fd(,,1)
ok boot /fd
ok boot floppy
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the floppy labeled ``NetBSD disk2''. If the floppy is not automatically ejected, you can either use a straightened paperclip to eject the disk or do the following:
Press the
STOP
key (sometimes called the
L1
key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
a
key, which will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt.
ok eject
ok go
Now, insert the floppy labeled
disk2.
After the installation tools have been loaded,
you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure.
Proceed to the section
Running the installation scripts.
below.
To netboot a sparc, you must configure one or more servers to provide
information and files to your sparc (the
`client ).'
If you are using
NetBSD
(any architecture) on your netboot server(s), the information
provided here should be sufficient to configure everything.
Additionally, you may wish to look at the
diskless(8)
manual page and the manual pages for each daemon you'll be configuring.
If the server(s) are another operating system, you should consult the
NetBSD Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
configure the netboot services on a variety of platforms.
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
You may either netboot the installer so you can install onto a locally attached disk, or you may run your system entirely over the network.
Briefly, the netboot
process involves discovery, bootstrap, kernel and file system stages.
In the first stage, the client discovers information
about where to find the bootstrap program.
Next, it downloads and executes the bootstrap program.
The bootstrap program goes through another discovery phase to determine
where the kernel is located.
The bootstrap program tries to mount the NFS share containing the kernel.
Once the kernel is loaded, it starts executing.
For RAM disk kernels, it mounts the RAM disk file system and begins
executing the installer from the RAM disk.
For normal (non-RAM disk) kernels, the
kernel tries to mount the NFS share that had the kernel and starts
executing
the installation tools or
init(8).
All sparc systems except JavaStations with OpenFirmware PROM
use a combination of RARP and BOOTP for the discovery stage.
In the past, these systems used RARP and BOOTPARAMS. JavaStations
booting from OpenFirmware use DHCP.
TFTP is used in the bootstrap phase to download
the bootstrap program,
boot.net,
which has been linked to a file name appropriate to the client's
architecture and IP address as described in the TFTP section below.
JavaStations with OpenFirmware need a special bootstrap program,
bootjs.net,
which is a version of boot.net in ELF format.
It is not linked to the IP address.
NFS is used in both the kernel and file system stages to download the
kernel, and to access files on the file server.
We will use
`CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'
as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
machine.
You should have determined this address in an earlier stage.
In this example, we will use
`192.168.1.10'
as the IP address of your client and
`client.test.net'
as its name.
We will assume you're providing all of your netboot services
on one machine called
`server.test.net'
with the client's files exported from the directory
/export/client/root.
You should, of course, replace all of these with the names, addresses,
and paths appropriate to your environment.
You should set up each netboot stage in order (i.e. discovery, bootstrap, kernel, and then file system) so that you can test them as you proceed.
dhcpd(8)
in
bootpd(8)
compatible mode
Put the following lines in your
/etc/dhcpd.conf
(see
dhcpd.conf(5)
and
dhcp-options(5)
for more information):
ddns-update-style none;
# Do not use any dynamic DNS features
#
allow bootp; # Allow bootp requests, thus the dhcp server
# will act as a bootp server.
#
authoritative; # master DHCP server for this subnet
#
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
# Which network interface to listen on.
# The zeros indicate the range of addresses
# that are allowed to connect.
}
group {
# Set of parameters common to all clients
# in this "group".
#
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name "test.net";
option domain-name-servers dns.test.net;
option routers router.test.net;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
#
# An individual client.
#
host client.test.net {
hardware ethernet CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC;
fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
#
# Name of the host (if the fixed address
# doesn't resolve to a simple name).
#
option host-name "client";
#
# Name of the bootloader or kernel
# to download via tftp.
#
# Only needed for JavaStations with OpenFirmware!
#
filename "bootjs.net";
#
# The path on the NFS server.
#
option root-path "/export/client/root";
#
# If your DHCP server is not your NFS server, supply the
# address of the NFS server. Since we assume you run everything
# on one server, this is not needed.
#
# next-server server.test.net;
}
#you may paste another "host" entry here for additional
#clients on this network
}
allow bootp;
You will need to make sure that the
dhcpd.leases
file exists.
# touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases
You will need to start the dhcpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart
rarpd(8)
Note: no rarpd is needed to boot OpenFirmware based JavaStations.
Create an
/etc/ethers
file with the following line:
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC client
Add your client to the server's
/etc/hosts
file:
192.168.1.10 client
You will need to start the rarpd. If it's already running, you will need to restart it to force it to re-read its configuration file. If the server is running NetBSD, you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rarpd restart
tftpd(8)
The default configuration of the TFTP server is to run in a
chroot(8)
environment in the
/tftpboot
directory.
Thus, the first order of business is to create this directory:
# mkdir -p /tftpboot
Next, edit
/etc/inetd.conf
and uncomment the line with the TFTP daemon:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /tftpboot
Now, restart
inetd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD,
you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/inetd restart
Now, you need to copy the
bootloader
for your sparc machine to
/tftpboot.
Get
boot.net
from the
installation/netboot
directory of the distribution.
# cp boot.net /tftpboot
Now, you need to link
boot.net
to the filename that your sparc will look for.
It will look for a filename composed of the machine's IP address
(in hexadecimal) followed by the machine's architecture,
separated by a period.
For example, a sun4c machine which has been assigned IP address
192.168.1.10, will make a TFTP request for
C0A8010A.SUN4C.
You can use
bc(1)
to help calculate the filename:
# bc
obase=16
192
C0
168
A8
1
1
10
A
quit
# cd /tftpboot
# ln -s boot.net C0A8010A.SUN4C
For OpenFirmware based JavaStations you use the file
bootjs.net
and do not create a symlink for the IP address. This machines do full
DHCP autoconfiguration, so the bootstrap filename is provided by the
DHCP server.
Just to be sure, let's make everything readable.
# chmod -R a+rX /tftpboot
Sometimes, the
arp(8)
table gets messed up, and the TFTP server can't communicate with the
client.
In this case, it will write a log message (via
syslogd(8))
to
/var/log/messages
saying:
`tftpd: write: Host is down'.
If this is the case, you may need to force the server to map your client's
ethernet address to its IP address:
# arp -s client CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
nfsd(8),
mountd(8),
and
rpcbind(8)
Now your system should be able to load the bootstrap program and start looking for the kernel. Let's set up the NFS server. Create the directory you are exporting for the netboot client:
# mkdir -p /export/client/root
Put the following line in
/etc/exports
to enable NFS sharing:
/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net
If your server is currently running an NFS server, you only need to
restart
mountd(8).
Otherwise, you need to start
rpcbind(8)
and
nfsd(8).
If the server is running
NetBSD,
you can achieve this with:
# /etc/rc.d/rpcbind start
# /etc/rc.d/nfsd start
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
Now, if you place a kernel named
netbsd
in
/export/client/root
your client should boot the kernel.
Use
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz).
# gunzip netbsd-GENERIC.gz
# mv netbsd-GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd
If you are netbooting the installer, copy the distribution files to
the client's root directory and extract the tools from
installation/netboot/rootfs.tgz.
# cp *tgz /export/client/root
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf rootfs.tgz
You can skip this step if you do not plan to run your client diskless after installation. Otherwise, you need to extract and set up the client's installation of NetBSD. The Diskless HOW-TO describes how to provide better security and save space on the NFS server over the procedure listed here. http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/nfs.html
# cd /export/client/root
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/base.tgz
# tar -xpzf /path/to/files/etc.tgz
Continue with the other non-essential distribution sets if desired.
# mkdir /export/client/root/swap
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/export/client/swap bs=4k count=4k
# echo '/export/client/swap -maproot=root:wheel client.test.net' | cat >> /etc/exports
# /etc/rc.d/mountd restart
# cd /export/client/root/dev
# ./MAKEDEV all
This procedure only works on NetBSD hosts.
fstab(5)
Create a file in
/export/client/root/etc/fstab
with the following lines:
server:/export/client/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap
server:/export/client/root / nfs rw 0 0
rc.conf(5)
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/rc.conf
rc_configured=YES
hostname="client"
defaultroute="192.168.1.1"
nfs_client=YES
auto_ifconfig=NO
net_interfaces=""
Make sure rc does not reconfigure the network device since it will lose its connection to the NFS server with your root file system.
hosts(5)
file.
Edit
/export/client/root/etc/hosts
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.10 client.test.net client
192.168.1.5 server.test.net server
If you want
these services to start up every time you boot
your server, make sure the following lines are present in your
/etc/rc.conf:
dhcpd=YES dhcpd_flags="-q"
rarpd=YES rarpd_flags="-a"
nfs_server=YES # enable server daemons
mountd=YES
rpcbind=YES rpcbind_flags="-l" # -l logs libwrap
Also, you'll need to make sure the
tftpd
line in
/etc/inetd.conf
remains uncommented.
Now, netboot your Sparc from the server by entering the appropriate boot command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine, this command takes one of the following forms:
> b le()netbsd
ok b le()netbsd
ok boot net netbsd
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section Running the installation scripts. below.
Get the tape images
(installation/tape/tapefile1.gz and installation/tape/tapefile2)
and transfer them to a tape.
Make sure you use the
`no rewind scsi tape'
device.
Run the following commands:
# gunzip tapefile1.gz
# mt -f /dev/nrst0 rew
# dd if=tapefile1 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
# dd if=tapefile2 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
Now you can transfer the
NetBSD3.0.3.
distribution sets from
(binary/sets)
to the tape by using a series of additional
# dd if=<aset>.tgz of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k
Insert the tape into your Sparc's tapestation. Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
> b st()
ok boot st()
ok boot tape
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to confirm the tape device and tape file number containing the installation tools. Then, proceed to the section Running the installation scripts. below.
If you're using a terminal device connected to a serial port, choose a terminal type appropriate for that device, e.g. vt100 or vt200.
Next, you will be presented with a choice of two installation methods: a new full-screen sysinst program, or the traditional script-based miniroot program. The sysinst program is easier to use, but the miniroot program is more flexible. Both of these installation methods will follow the same set of procedures and will fully install NetBSD on your Sparc.
You will frequently be asked for confirmation before the system proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
name of the disk you want to install on, partitioning information,
or IP addresses and domain names you want to assign.
If your system has
more than one disk, you may want to look at the output of the
dmesg(8)
command to see how your disks have been identified by the kernel.
The installation script goes through the following phases:
Now try a reboot. Initially we'd suggest you boot sd()netbsd -bs, then try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root file system writable is
# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
Your PROM might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load
a file called
vmunix.
On OpenBoot PROM systems you can change it to load
netbsd
instead using the following commands:
ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
ok setenv boot-file netbsd
ok setenv<